Travel Consultation and Visas

Transmitted by water contaminated by faeces and shellfish and contaminated food. There is an incubation period of 1-5 days and then onset of rapid diarrhoea, extreme vomiting and dehydration can occur. Travellers living in poor sanitary conditions should avoid using tap water under any circumstances and ensure all food is well cooked and eaten piping hot.

Tetanus spores are present in soil contaminated with bird, animal or human faeces and are widely distributed in the environment. Infection is a result of the spores entering a wound at the time of injury. The incubation period is 4-21 days and symptoms include general rigidity and spasms of the skeletal muscles which can be fatal. Polio is contracted from person to person contact through the faecal-oral route (contaminated food and water). Incubation is 7-14 days and with symptoms including fever and mild illness, such as headache and sore throat to flaccid paralysis in rare cases. Minor illness can be followed by remission and severe illness. Diphtheria is contracted though respiratory contact of items soiled by an infected person. Incubation is 2-5 days and it causes a characteristic acute infection of the tonsils, pharynx, larynx or nose.

Transmitted by contaminated water and food, particularly shellfish and person to person contact where hygiene is poor, Incubation is 2-6 weeks with no symptoms and then a sudden onset of mild fever, upset stomach, rash, nausea, vomiting followed by jaundice, at which stage patients begin to feel better.

Transmitted person to person by exposure to bodily fluids (e.g. via occupational exposure, open wounds, sexual contact and newborn infant from mother, contaminated medical, dental and acupuncture instruments, sharing used intra-venous needles and body piercing and tattoo instruments). Infection can be more severe and results in symptoms similar to Hepatitis A with jaundice and hepatitis resulting from liver cell destruction.

It is transmitted to man by the bite of an infected mosquito that normally breeds in rice paddies. The illness causes a fever, headache, convulsions, encephalitis and meningitis and especially cranial nerve paralysis. Prolonged recovery and post viral debility are common. Many who recover are left with disabilities. There is no effective anti-viral therapy and treatment is symptomatic.

Transmitted by a mosquito bite, the infected insect releases a parasite into your bloodstream, the parasite then multiplies in the bloodstream. Symptoms are flu like including chills, fever, pain, weakness, muscle aches, abdominal pain, vomiting, cough and diarrhoea. Treatable if diagnosed quickly, however it can be fatal.

Transmitted by person to person via airborne particles. Incubation is 2-10 days with symptoms including a sudden onset of fever, intense nausea, headache, sensitivity to light and vomiting. Other symptoms include a stiff neck and a non-blanching rash.

The disease is transmitted by saliva from a rabid animal through a bite or scratch. Incubation is usually from 5-60 days, but can take much longer. Symptoms include fever, headache, malaise and fatigue. Anxiety depression, agitation and insomnia may also be reported which can develop into hyperactivity, disorientation, hallucination, seizures and bizarre behaviour.

Transmitted by the bite of an infected ixodes tick or less commonly, spread by the ingestion of unpasteurised milk for infected animals such as goats. Incubation is 3-14 days. Symptoms can include a flu-like illness that resolves within a few days in the western subtype. The Eastern subtype symptoms includes sudden onset of sever illness including sudden onset of severe headache, fever, nausea and photophobia.

Transmitted through respiratory contact (infected sputum). Infectious patients may be asymptomatic until advanced stages of the disease when symptoms include lethargy, loss of weight, poor appetite, fever, a productive cough and night sweats.

Transmitted by contaminated water and food, where hygiene is poor and food and drink may be contaminated with human faces or urine. Symptoms include fever, headache, confusion, vague abdominal pain and constipation with red spots occurring on body.

Transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito. Two outbreaks types exist: Jungle yellow fever is spread by monkeys and humans become infected in jungle habitat. They in turn can become a source of urban yellow fever outbreaks. Incubation is 3-5 days and the blood remains infected and can be spread by mosquitos biting other humans or monkeys and in turn spreading infection. Symptoms include a sudden onset of fever, backache, generalized muscle pain, prostration, nausea and vomiting.